استفاده صحیح از ویرگول (comma) در رایتینگ آیلتس
✍️ استفاده‌ی صحیح از ویرگول (comma) توی رایتینگ آیلتس خیلی مهمه چون هم روی Coherence and Cohesion اثر می‌ذاره، هم روی Grammar Range and Accuracy.
بیایم مرحله به مرحله بررسی کنیم 👇
1️⃣ جدا کردن آیتم‌ها در لیست
وقتی سه یا بیشتر از سه آیتم داری، باید بینشون ویرگول بذاری.
🔹 The chart shows the production of coal, oil, and natural gas in three countries.
👉 دقت کن قبل از and هم میشه ویرگول گذاشت (Oxford comma).
2️⃣ بعد از عبارات آغازین (Introductory phrases)
وقتی جمله رو با time phrase یا linking phrase شروع می‌کنی، باید بعدش ویرگول بیاری.
🔹 In 2000, the number of international students increased significantly.
🔹 Overall, it is clear that agriculture dominated water consumption.
3️⃣ جدا کردن clauseهای غیرضروری (Non-defining clauses)
وقتی clause توضیح اضافه میده ولی برای معنی جمله ضروری نیست.
🔹 Brazil, which had the largest population in the region, also consumed the most water.
4️⃣ بعد از linkerهای کلمه‌ای (However, Therefore, For example)
این‌ها وقتی ابتدای جمله میان، همیشه ویرگول می‌گیرن.
🔹 However, the figure for domestic use remained low.
🔹 Therefore, it can be concluded that industrialisation played a key role.
5️⃣ جلوگیری از ابهام
گاهی ویرگول باعث میشه جمله راحت‌تر خونده بشه.
🔹 In contrast to Germany, Italy invested heavily in renewable energy.
🚫 اشتباه رایج:
-
گذاشتن ویرگول بین subject و verb ❌
🔴 The number of cars, increased dramatically.
✅ The number of cars increased dramatically.
✨ نکته آیلتسی:
استفاده‌ی درست از comma نشون میده شما academic writing بلدی و می‌تونی متن رو طبیعی و حرفه‌ای بنویسی. Examiner دقیقاً به punctuation توجه می‌کنه!
چند پاراگراف با استفاده صحیح از ویرگول در اون ها
🔹 نمونه 1 (Line graph)
The line graph illustrates the number of tourists visiting three European cities between 1990 and 2010. Overall, Paris attracted the highest number of visitors, while Madrid and Rome, although less popular, experienced steady growth. In 2000, however, the figures for Rome overtook those of Madrid, marking a significant change in the trend.
👉 ویرگول‌ها برای clauseهای توضیحی (although less popular) و بعد از linkerها (however) اومدن.
🔹 نمونه 2 (Pie chart)
The pie charts compare the proportion of household spending in five categories in 1995 and 2010. In both years, food accounted for the largest share, at 35% and 30% respectively. Transport, which was relatively low in 1995, increased significantly by 2010. Overall, it is clear that spending patterns shifted towards non-essential categories, such as leisure and transport.
👉 ویرگول بعد از respectively و بعد از clause توضیحی (which was relatively low in 1995) اومده.
🔹 نمونه 3 (Table)
The table presents data on internet access in four countries in 2005. Canada, which had the highest percentage, reached nearly 70%, while Mexico, at only 25%, recorded the lowest figure. In contrast, Spain and Italy showed similar levels of internet penetration, at 50% and 48% respectively.
👉 ویرگول‌ها کمک می‌کنن که متن روان و حرفه‌ای خونده بشه.
🔹 نمونه 4 (Process)
The diagram illustrates the process of producing electricity from geothermal energy. Initially, cold water is pumped underground, where it passes through hot rocks and absorbs heat. The heated water, which is then converted into steam, flows into a turbine. Finally, the turbine powers a generator, and, as a result, electricity is produced.
👉 ویرگول بعد از and وقتی clause اضافه شده و بعد از linker (as a result) اومده.
⚡️ همون‌طور که می‌بینی، ویرگول توی متن باعث میشه جملات academic، واضح و بدون ابهام باشن.
بزرگترین اشتباه ها در آزمون آیلتس را هم ببین!
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