📌 Some people believe that in the future, most cities will become unlivable due to pollution and overcrowding. Others think technological innovation will solve these problems.
Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.
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The trajectory of global urbanisation has sparked a critical debate about the future of cities. While some prophesise a dystopian landscape rendered unlivable by pollution and overcrowding, others maintain an unwavering faith in technology’s capacity to provide solutions. This essay will explore both perspectives before concluding that a proactive, technology-driven approach is our most viable path forward.
Those who foresee an uninhabitable urban future point to compelling and observable trends. Overcrowding, driven by relentless rural-to-urban migration, places immense strain on infrastructure, leading to housing shortages, traffic gridlock, and overburdened public services. This concentration of people directly exacerbates pollution. Vehicular emissions and industrial activity degrade air quality, which is linked to respiratory diseases, while waste management systems struggle to cope, leading to contaminated land and water sources. In megacities from Delhi to Beijing, the tangible reality of smog-choked skies and sprawling slums seems to validate this pessimistic view, suggesting that these problems are escalating faster than our current capacity to manage them.
On the other hand, technological optimists argue that human ingenuity has always risen to meet existential challenges. They envision smart cities where integrated sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) optimise energy use, manage traffic flow in real-time, and streamline waste collection. Furthermore, breakthroughs in renewable energy, such as highly efficient solar panels and next-generation nuclear power, promise a future of clean, sustainable urban electricity. Innovations in construction, like 3D-printed buildings using recycled materials, could rapidly address housing shortages, while vertical farming could reduce the environmental cost of food transportation and ensure food security.
In my opinion, while the threats are severe, a fatalistic outlook is counterproductive. Technology alone is not a silver bullet; it must be coupled with strong political will and sustainable urban planning. However, the potential of innovation offers a tangible hope. The challenges of pollution and overcrowding are, at their core, problems of efficiency and resource management—areas where technology excels. Therefore, I believe that by strategically investing in and deploying green technology and smart infrastructure, we can not only prevent cities from becoming unlivable but can actually enhance their habitability, creating more sustainable and efficient urban environments for future generations.
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